Citrus bergamia fruit extract, ≥38% polyphenolsTier 2
Evidence. 11 published human trials; 237-pt RCT at 500/1,000 mg × 30 d improved total/LDL cholesterol, TG and glucose vs placebo; 77-pt trial with rosuvastatin add-on.
Cautions. Possible additive effect with statins (monitor); GI upset rare.
bergamonte.net/the-science/clinical-studi…hpingredients.com/products/premier-ingred…
Free phytosterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol)Tier 1
Evidence. 50+ years of trials; FDA-authorized health claim at ≥0.8 g/day plant sterols for reduced CHD risk; LDL −8–10% at 2 g/day.
Cautions. Reduces carotenoid absorption (DAKE formula compensates); not for sitosterolemia.
adm.com/en-us/products-services/human-nut…knowde.com/stores/adm/products/cardioaid-…
Pantethine (vitamin B5 derivative), 600 mg/day studiedTier 1
Evidence. 28 trials (median 900 mg/day) lowered TC −8.7–15.1% and LDL −10–20%; triple-blind RCT at 600 mg/day: LDL −11% vs placebo in statin-eligible adults.
Cautions. Mild GI effects; additive with lipid drugs.
pantesin.com/uploads/news-pdfs/Pantesin-i…ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/PantothenicAcid…pantesin.com/news/2014/new-study-shows-th…
270 mg polymethoxylated flavones + 30 mg tocotrienols per 300 mgTier 2
Evidence. Two open-label 4-wk pilots (n=10 each) and a 12-wk RCT (n=120) at 300 mg/day: TC −27% vs placebo; LDL and TG reductions.
Cautions. None significant reported; tocotrienol content adds to DeltaGold® (keep total tocotrienols <500 mg).
ingredientsbynature.com/storage/app/media…lifeextension.com/magazine/2004/11/report…
Tocopherol-free annatto tocotrienolsTier 2
Evidence. 250 mg/day δ-tocotrienol improved lipid and inflammatory markers in several small RCTs (n≈31–60); 14-day crossover raised plasma δ-T3 and lowered lipids.
Cautions. Avoid combining with high α-tocopherol (interferes); additive bleeding risk with anticoagulants theoretical.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11782774/nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2015/07/…
Whole-tomato oleoresin: lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, tocopherolsTier 2
Evidence. RCT in 60 treated hypertensives: standardized tomato extract (15 mg lycopene) lowered systolic BP and improved endothelial markers; prehypertension crossover trial.
Cautions. None significant; carotenoid absorption is reduced by plant sterols — pair with fat-containing meal.
academic.oup.com/ajh/article/18/S4/213A/136943link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1472-68…
Cynara scolymus + Zingiber officinale extractsTier 3
Evidence. Artichoke leaf extract meta-analyses show modest LDL/TG reduction; ginger lowers TG in small RCTs. Combination data limited to the branded pilot.
Cautions. Bile-duct obstruction contraindication (artichoke); ginger additive with anticoagulants.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=artichoke+l…pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ginger+trig…
Ubiquinone-β-cyclodextrin complex, 3× bioavailabilityTier 2
Evidence. CoQ10 RCTs/meta-analyses: improved endothelial function and reduced statin-associated muscle symptoms; MicroActive form shows universal absorption in PK studies.
Cautions. May reduce warfarin effect; mild GI.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=coenzyme+Q1…nhc.com/learning-resources/emerging-new-i…
Trans-geranylgeraniol 20% oilTier 3
Evidence. Human pilot data on statin-associated muscle symptoms and testosterone support in men on statins; mechanistic rationale (mevalonate pathway).
Cautions. None established; theoretical additive with CoQ10 (desired).
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=geranylgera…